Cold and Flu

Common Conditions Treated by Family Medicine Doctors: from Colds and Flu to Chronic Diseases

Family medicine doctors are our everyday heroes. They provide comprehensive primary healthcare to patients of all ages for a variety of conditions, such as colds, strep throat, and flu. They also help patients manage chronic conditions, such as diabetes and high blood pressure.

In this blog, we will look at these health problems and at how your family doctor can help you manage them.

Colds

One of the most frequent conditions treated by family medicine doctors is the common cold. This viral infection affects millions of people every year and causes symptoms such as congestion, runny nose, sneezing and coughing.

Family doctors provide treatments to alleviate these symptoms and to prevent complications, such as pneumonia or middle ear infections. Also, your family doctor can show you ways to limit your exposure to the many seasonal viruses that cause the common cold.

Influenza

Flu is another acute condition that family medicine doctors see frequently. Influenza, like the common cold, is caused by a virus – typically, different ones that develop during the annual flu season.

Fortunately, today’s yearly influenza vaccines effectively protect against the flu. Your family doctor likely will recommend you receive one. Vaccinations can start as early as 6 months of age. Flu vaccines also are important if you are in a high-risk group, such as:

  • Being 65 or older
  • Having a chronic health condition, such as asthma or diabetes
  • Being a healthcare worker or routinely contacting medically fragile individuals (such as an elderly parent)

Your family doctor will discuss your risk factors with you as part of your annual physical examination.

Plus, as the flu, colds and other acute illnesses are highly contagious, your family doctor will give practical ways to reduce your risk of getting sick. Examples include thorough and frequent handwashing, staying out of crowds, and covering your mouth when sneezing or coughing.

Strep Throat

Strep throat is a bacterial infection affecting the throat and tonsils. It is most common in children between the ages of five and 15 but can occur in adults as well.

Symptoms include a very sore throat, difficulty swallowing, fever and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Strep throat is highly contagious. It can spread through respiratory droplets or direct contact with an infected person.

If you suspect that you or your child has strep throat, see your family doctor. He or she will perform a physical examination and do a rapid strep test to confirm the presence of the bacteria. Treatment for strep throat usually involves antibiotics and comfort measures, such as fever-reducing medications, rest, and plenty of fluids.

Hypertension

Also called high blood pressure, hypertension is a very common chronic health condition in American adults. Classically defined as a blood pressure reading higher than 140/90 mmHg, hypertension more recently is recognized as anything higher than 130/80 mmHg.

Checking your blood pressure is an important part of your annual physical exam. This cardiovascular condition can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke and more. Hypertension often has no symptoms, so it is known as a “silent killer.”

Your family medicine physician may prescribe medication to control your blood pressure. Be sure to take it as prescribed.

Also, your doctor may recommend changing some lifestyle habits, such as smoking, eating a fatty, salty diet and being sedentary. While you cannot change hereditary risk factors for hypertension, lifestyle changes are highly effective in avoiding or managing hypertension.

Diabetes

Consistently high levels of blood glucose are characteristic of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes develops due to obesity, poor diet, and sedentary lifestyle. Type 1 is related to the body’s inability to produce the hormone insulin. Because diabetes can run in families, your family doctor may suggest routine screening if you have close relatives with this disease.

If you are diagnosed with diabetes, carefully follow your doctor’s recommendations for managing the condition. This includes monitoring your blood glucose levels regularly, taking medication as prescribed and making necessary lifestyle changes. You must maintain a healthy diet and exercise regularly to control blood sugar levels.

Additionally, individuals with diabetes should be aware of health complications. These may include diabetic retinopathy, nerve damage in the feet and hands (neuropathy), heart disease, and kidney disease.

Your Family Doctor Provides Preventive Care and Chronic and Acute Disease Management in Wellington, FL

At Advanced Medical Clinic, we are passionate about family medicine. Internal medicine physician, Dr. Ishwan Gunawardene, and his wife, family nurse practitioner, Shariffa Gunawardene, provide patient-centered care for people of all ages and walks of life. So, whether you are a middle-aged adult, a parent with young children, or a senior with a few chronic conditions, we can help you enjoy the best possible health.

Contact us to learn more about our services or to arrange your annual physical. Call (561) 434-1935, or request your visit here.

Why Do We Get Sick in the Winter: Your Primary Care Providers

What Causes Colds and Flus? 

The common cold and the flu are not caused by changes in temperature, but by viruses. However, the reason they seem associated with the cooler months is because different viruses are more active at certain times of the year. For instance, rhinoviruses, which have many different strains, are some of the most common causes of a cold. These microscopic germs are at their peak during the cooler months of fall and spring. By contrast, the many strains of influenza viruses peak during the winter months. Once exposed to the human body, these viruses are carried around in our respiratory systems. When they are expelled through a cough, sneeze, or nasal secretions, droplets containing the viruses contaminate the air as well as any surfaces they may land on. Once a virus infects a host, it uses the body’s cells to replicate (multiply), instigating a response from our immune system.

Our Bodies 

Our immune system is what causes the miserable symptoms we experience with a cold or flu. When an invading organism is identified by the immune system, a number of different types of cells and chemicals are released and sent to the site of the infection. They create an inflammatory response that causes our rise in temperature, the achiness and chills associated with an infection, and an increase in lung and nasal secretions. While our immune response is actively fighting the infection, these additional secretions become a risk for others, as it makes it easier for the virus to be spread when we cough or blow our noses.

Even though cold weather does not cause infections, it can contribute to our risk of getting sick. For instance, cold air, as well as dry warm air from our heaters, can cause the tissue inside our noses to become dry and cracked. This makes it easier for germs to enter into our system. Additionally, the cold weather may make the cilia (little hairs) in our noses less effective at their job of sweeping germs away. Our immune system itself may not work as well in the cold weather, either. We defend against viruses by not allowing them to replicate. However, this mechanism may be slower when the environment is colder.

Having a chronic illness also puts you at greater risk for catching a cold or the flu. For example, people who have asthma are more likely to have an asthma attack in cold weather. When the lungs become inflamed during an attack, they are more susceptible to pick up an infection. In fact, any chronic illness that makes your immune system weaker, like diabetes or heart failure, puts you at even greater risk during the colder months.

Our Environment and Our Behavior 

As a rule, humans are not fond of staying outside in the cold weather. It may be fun to participate in winter sports or play in the snow with the right clothing on, but eventually everyone wants to come in from the cold. Because this is a communal response, we tend to congregate inside buildings that are heated with dry air. So now we have a lot of people inside, breathing the same air that causes our nasal passages to become dry and cracked. During that time of the year, chances are that some of us will already be infected, even if we don’t have symptoms yet. So any coughing, sneezing, or running noses increases the chances of someone else getting sick. The dry air (whether inside in the heat or outside in the cold) also makes it easier for the viruses to get around. Trapped in tiny droplets of moisture that stay suspended even longer in dry air, these viruses are free to move around and find their way into someone’s respiratory system. If the rooms are poorly ventilated, which is often the case, the chance of more people getting infected goes up.

Can you think of anywhere that lots of people who might be carrying a virus are congregated routinely during the colder months? That’s right – school. From kindergarten to college, filled heated classrooms and dormitories create a perfect environment for “catching cold”. Hence, from fall to spring, both the cold and the flu have ample hunting grounds for human hosts.

What Your Primary Care Provider Knows that Will Keep You Healthy

So, viruses are more active in the cooler months, the environment helps to create a perfect breeding ground for airborne infections, and our natural survival instinct to keep warm increases our chances of getting sick. However, there are some other human behaviors that we can change to prevent some of these illnesses, and your primary care provider is a perfect place to look to for advice. The following are a few tips you should remember during cold and flu season.

First, try not to share. When you cough or sneeze, cover your mouth. Also make sure and wash your hands frequently, especially after coughing or using tissues; and keep your hands away from your face because every surface you touch has the potential of carrying germs. You can also protect others from illness. If you are sick, stay home until you are feeling better.

You should also be aware of your environment. Know that if you are in an enclosed or poorly ventilated space, you are more at risk. This would include offices, classrooms, dormitories, and airplanes. If you can, try to alter your environment by making sure there is good ventilation, and humidification.

Finally arm yourself to fortify your defenses. Eat a healthy ad well-balanced diet. You should also get daily exercise and plenty of sleep. However, one of the most important things you can do to help your immune system is by staying up to date with your vaccines. This includes the flu vaccine, which is available every year beginning in September. This vaccine is made from an inactivated virus. That means it is not alive and it cannot give you the flu. What it does, is provoke your body into making specific antibodies (fighting cells) against the most common flu virus strains for the season. The most common side effects are a sore arm, and possibly mild flu-like symptoms, which are caused by your immune system’s healthy response to the vaccine. The flu is a very serious illness that not only causes severe and prolonged symptoms, but also is responsible for many deaths each year. That is why your primary care provider will recommend that each person receive the vaccine each year, beginning at six months of age.

If you have any more question regarding cold and flu season, or how your primary care provider can help you stay healthy, we are happy to discuss this and any other healthcare concerns you may have. Please call Advanced Medical, PA, at (561) 434-1935 to request an appointment, or request one online.